CRM 331 Corrections :
W '08 Mon 5:30
- 8, Pray Harold 204
Required Reading [links
go to Amazon.com; all bookstores have this order also]
Marc Mauer and Meda
Chesney-Lind. Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass
Imprisonment. New Press 1-56584-726-1
Robert
Johnson. Hard Time.
Wadsworth, 3rd ed. 0534507174
Helen
Prejean, Dead Man
Walking: An Eyewitness Account of the Death Penalty in the United States.
Vintage Books; 0679751319
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Recommended Books
Ted Conover, Newjack: Guarding Sing
Sing. Knopf; 0375726624
Jeffrey Ross and Stephen Richards. Behind Bars: Surviving
Prison. Alpha; 0028643518
Richard Moran, Executioner's Current: Thomas Edison, George Westinghouse, and the Invention of the Electric Chair.
Knopf (2002); 0375410597
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Great
article on what happens to someone freed from 10 years on death row after DNA
evidence clears him
($300,000, depression, etc)
Texas
executes a convicted killer whose lawyer suffered from mental illness and was repeatedly disciplined by the state bar
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Margaret Edds, An
Expendable Man: The Near Execution of Earl Washington Jr. New York
University Press (2003). 0814722229
Scott Christianson, Innocent:
Inside Wrongful Conviction Cases. New York University Press (2004)
0814716342 .
Jeremy Travis, But
They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry. Urban
Institute Press (2005) 0877667500
Robert Johnson, Justice
Follies: Parody from Planet Prison. Infiniti/Willo Tree Press. (2005) 0741425920.
Jeffrey Ross and Stephen Richards. Convict
Criminology. Wadsworth Pub Co; 0534574335 [see website
for the book and the 6
minute Realaudio video clip from Wisconsin Public TV on convict
criminology.
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I mentioned the Pew
Center study about 1 in 100 Americans behind bars. I'd also suggest their
study Public
Safety, Public Spending (pdf) which examines the cost of incarceration until
2011. The New
York Times' editorial on the 1 in 100 study noted: "Persuading public
officials to adopt a more rational, cost-effective approach to prison policy is
a daunting prospect, however, not least because building and running jailhouses
has become a major industry."
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Required Reading and
Exercises
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| 1/7 |
Introduction & Greeting | Syllabus
(Adobe.pdf) |
Recommended general online references: Prisoner's
Dictionary (look up slang terms) - part of a good collection of info
at The Other Side of the Wall.
Also check out What
Every American Should Know About Criminal Justice
and The Prison Index: Taking the Pulse of the Crime Control Industry. The
Real Costs of Prisons
has some great information and a frequently
updated blog. A
list of corrections research reports is below.
Watch
Johnny Cash play at San Quentin prison (the real footage, not from
the movie)
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1/14
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Johnson, Intro
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Paper 1 Due:
based on Ted
Conover's article 'Guarding Sing Sing.' Write
a 2 page paper that identifies several quotes from different topics or
aspects of the article that you found important and briefly discussing it.
[If you like the article, check out the recommended book Newjack by
Conover, which is the longer version of his prison guard experience.]
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| Johnson ch 1 |
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| Johnson ch 2
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| 1/21
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MLK
DAY - NO CLASSES |
| 1/28
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Johnson ch 3, 4 |
Gulag:
A History (introductory chapter of a book). GULAG is an acronym, meaning Glavnoe Upravlenie
Lagerei, or Main Camp Administration. Over time, the word "Gulag" has also come to signify not only the administration of the concentration camps but also the system of Soviet slave labor
itself.. [and] the Soviet repressive system itself, the set of procedures that prisoners once called the "meat-grinder": the arrests, the interrogations, the transport in unheated cattle cars, the forced labor, the destruction of families, the years spent in exile, the early and unnecessary deaths.
The Black
People's Prison Survival Guide.
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| Johnson ch 5 (skip state
raised inmate section)
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Stop Prison Rape
The video we saw was Shakedown in Santa Fe, about
the New Mexico prison riots. There's
a good overview of prison riot issues, causes and prevention.
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| 2/4
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Johnson ch 7 |
We discussed the
Stanford Prison Experiment in class - here's a link for the website that
has a slideshow and commentary by Zimbardo.
Addressing Correctional Officer Stress: Programs and Strategies
(National Inst of Justice) 129 pages, Adobe/.pdf
In Chapters 7 & 8 Johnson makes extensive use of
Conover's book Newjack, partly because there are few officers who seem
to write - unlike the large amount of inmate literature. The reading for
the first week about Sing Sing was an excerpt from the book; he's also
written a short but
interesting story of a female guard.
A
Convict Criminology Perspective on Women Guarding Men (full text pdf),
from Justice Policy
Journal.
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Johnson ch 8 |
Worksheet
1 Due: Michigan's Crime & Prison statistics. The
worksheet is here and the link with the information
for Part 1 is
here (select Michigan) and information
for Part II is here (see worksheet instructions).
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2/11
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Johnson ch 9 |
"Effective Prison Mental Health Services: Guidelines To Expand and Improve
Treatment" (93 pp. Adobe/.pdf) presents survey results on historical, legal, and ethical issues in dealing with mental illness in the field of corrections.
Ill-Equipped:
U.S. Prisons and Offenders with Mental Illness (Human Rights Watch
Report)
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| Johnson ch 10 |
The Office of Justice Programs has a major
initiative dealing with prisoner
reentry. The Vera
Institute has several good publications that explore the issues faced by
release and strategies to help. Also good is the Urban Institute's report, 'Chicago
Prisoners' Experiences Returning Home.'
StopViolence has more on restorative
justice and includes a page on faith-based
crime prevention, which includes some prison ministries.
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2/18
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TEST 1 Please
be on time as no one will be admitted after the last person has left
W 08 bonus question: discuss and relate to class
the information in this article: why do the men interviewed in the
article say the current system is counterproductive?
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2/25 - 3/2
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WINTER RECESS - NO CLASSES
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| 3/3
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Mauer & Chesney-Lind: Intro + Ch 1, 15
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Worksheet 2 due:
Go to ‘Prisoners
in 2006'. You will need to
open up the .pdf/ Adobe Acrobat file to complete this assignment because the other versions do not have all the
tables. Please be careful to distinguish between the number, a rate
and percents – make sure you provide the information requested by the
questions in the worksheet.
(click on 'worksheet' to open a copy of the questions you'll need to
answer)
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Mauer & Chesney-Lind: 5 + 8 |
More on 'equality
with a vengeance'.
As we discussed in class, a search
for "women in prison" was as likely to turn up a dating
service or a B exploitation movie like Ilsa:
She Wolf of SS as anything serious (link goes to
prisonflicks.com).
Wired magazine did a story "Jail
Order Brides" on JailBabes.com.
Prison Rape links: “Not
Part of My Sentence” from Amnesty International; “Nowhere
to Hide: Retaliation Against Women in Michigan State Prisons; ALL TOO FAMILIAR:
Sexual Abuse of Women in U.S. State Prisons (Human Rights Watch)
Recommended: Gender-Responsive
Strategies: Research, Practice, and Guiding Principles for Women Offenders
(142
pp, Adobe.pdf). If you like the report, author
Stephanie Covington has her own website with a number of articles
available online (gender responsive programming in many forms). See
also "Developing Gender-Specific Classification Systems for Women
Offenders" (97 pp./Adobe.pdf) addresses the need for classification systems that provide necessary information about women offenders, are adapted to women, and are effective in matching women to appropriate custody levels and programming.
The Gender-Responsive Strategies Project: Jail Applications.
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| 3/10
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Mauer & Chesney-Lind: ch 7 |
Worksheet 3 due: Go
to Criminal
Justice Expenditure and Employment, 2003. You will need to
open up the .pdf/ Adobe Acrobat file to complete this assignment because the other versions do not have all the
tables. Please be careful to distinguish between the number, a rate
and percents – make sure you provide the information requested by the
questions in the worksheet.
(click on 'worksheet' to open a copy of the questions you'll need to
answer)
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Mauer & Chesney-Lind: 11 |
Lynch and Sabol, Prison
Use and Social Control discusses in more
detail research examining how mass incarceration undermines informal
social controls (family and community). The Lynch & Sabol article is part of Criminal
Justice 2000 (NIJ) that has some interesting work: Spohn has an
excellent review of 30 years of sentencing discrimination research, and
Zatz on the convergence of Race, Ethnicity, Gender and Class.
employ
ex-offenders.org - to reduce the
class and race based stigma of criminality and to challenge the popular
media discourse that demonizes individuals with criminal records and
individuals making the transition from prison to civil society.
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Mauer & Chesney-Lind: ch 6 + 12 |
private prison resources
- info on cost savings, reports, and links to explore the topic. See
Why Private Prisons Don't Save
Money (CEO pay = $1.4 million, etc)
With 2.2 million people engaged in catching criminals and putting and keeping them behind bars, "corrections" has become one of the largest sectors of the U.S. economy, employing more people than the combined workforces of General Motors, Ford and Wal-Mart, the three biggest corporate employers in the country.
Not With Our Money! is a network of student and community activists working to end the use of prisons for profit. Not With Our Money! took on multinational Sodexho Alliance, demanding that the catering company divest its 10% stake in Corrections Corporation of America. By the end of June 2001, CCA’s largest shareholder had ended all ties with the prison company as a result of protests at more than 60 campuses where subsidiary Sodexho Marriott Services held contracts
See also: A map
illustrating the growth in incarceration in the U.S. State
Prison Expenditures (Bureau of Justice Statistics)
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| 3/17
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Mauer & Chesney-Lind: ch 3, 10
& 16 |
Mark Mauer, who wote ch 3 on the disappearing voter,
works for the Sentencing
Project; they have a section
on felony disenfranchisement. See also prisoners
of the census for statistics and excellent discussion. See
how prisoners affect the census in Michigan.
Reverse Reparations Race, Place, and the Vicious Circle of Mass Incarceration
The Sentencing Project released a study yesterday showing that about 14 percent of black men in Atlanta cannot vote because they are in prison, on probation or on parole.
A study of Providence by the Rhode Island Family Life Center, released simultaneously with the Atlanta report, had similar findings. That study showed that 32 percent of black men from ages 18 to 34 could not vote, compared with 3 percent of white men and 10 percent of Hispanics.
(In Atlanta, 14% of Black Men Can't Vote,
Washington Post, 23 Sept 2004, A10)
Understanding
the unemployment rate and alternative measures of it. See also joblessness
but unemployment low.
My page
on the death penalty has a section on European views, if you'd like
to follow up on Stern's thoughts; my StopViolence
site has information on Restorative Justice.
Read the brief
filed by the European Union in the juvenile death penalty case that was being heard by the Supreme Court
last term and ended that penalty. (Adobe/.pdf 62pages) For
background on the case, see links below for first day of Prejean's book.
Worldmapper
shows size of countries based on prison population rates (US is large
light blue area in upper left)
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INTERNATIONAL
INCARCERATION RATES to know for test see the World
Prison Brief and review sheet for specific countries. You want
to review rates for the entire world and NEED TO CHANGE THE SECOND PULL
DOWN MENU CATEGORY TO PRISON POPULATION RATES (NOT POPULATION
TOTALS).
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| 3/24
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TEST 2 Please
be on time as no one will be admitted after the last person has left
link for bonus
question
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| 3/31
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Prejean intro + ch 1
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Death
Penalty Debate: opposing viewpoints and links
Sample
death penalty jury instructions on aggravating and mitigating factors
(Idaho - see link at bottom of page for instructions in .rtf)
Capital
Defense Newsletter (review of current cases, news and law)
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Prejean ch 2 + 3 |
worksheet
4 on Death Penalty
- click here to open the worksheet.
The information you need can be found in Capital
Punishment, 2005. NOTE: You will need to use the Adobe Acrobat version, which has all
the tables and charts. |
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Prejean ch 4 -7 |
Catholics
Against Capital Punishment
Read the brief
statement by the President of the AMA and this statement
by the President of the ASA about participation in lethal injection
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Paper 2 Due:
The
topic will the Baze v Rees, a
case the Supreme Court is hearing on lethal injection.
The question for your 2-3 page paper is to summarize the position of both
sides with respect to how much pain is allowed by the 8th amendment and
how likely does that pain have to be? Your paper should be based on the Brief
for the Petitioner (pdf - see page 30 ["Argument"] and
following) and the Brief
for Respondent (pdf - see p 24 ["Argument"] and following).
DO NOT give simply a summary a case or
discuss the specifics of the 3 drug cocktail unless it is directly
relevant to answering the question about 8th Amendment standards mentioned
above above. Use the Briefs and examine the subheadings to get the flow of
the argument.
If
you're interested, see
the background brief written by Cornell Law School, but note that this
does not contain all the information I am looking for in the paper and I
will be reading the papers looking to see if you have used the briefs.
***Supreme
Court upheld Kentucky's lethal injection - link to summary of opinion and
full written opinions.
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| 4/14
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Prejean ch 8 |
international views on US death
penalty - will be covered as part of final exam ~ see review sheet for
specifics.
If the link above does not work, try
this alternative for the 2006 information
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Prejean ch 9 + 11 |
Center
on Wrongful Convictions (Northwestern Law School). See especially
their page on the underlying causes of
wrongful convictions.
Justice
Denied: Magazine for the Wrongfully Convicted
The Disappearance of Executive Clemency in Capital Cases:
What Has Happened to Mercy in America? (Austin Sarat, Findlaw.com)
The genetics of justice:
After years in prison for a murder he didn't commit, DNA testing finally freed Kirk Bloodsworth
(book review, Christian Science Monitor)
As DNA testing frees increasing numbers of innocents from prison, Maryland and other states across the country are facing a politically sensitive and morally complex calculus: What is the value of a life unjustly spent behind bars?
"What's a prison rape worth?" asked Ronald Kuby, a New York lawyer who has worked on compensation cases. "What's missing your child's first day of school worth? Not being with your parents as they lay dying? Having your parents go to their graves with you branded a convict?"
("Putting A Price on Innocents' Lost Years"
Washington Post, 4 Oct 2004, p A1)
My
research on televising McVeigh's execution - description of the work
and 25 minute mp3 file
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4/21 FINAL EXAM: regular class time
Please be
on time as no one will be admitted after the last person has left
Bonus question - what
is this case about and what are the arguments for and against?
While it is not material for
the final exam, if you are interested the
Supreme
Court upheld Kentucky's lethal injection - link to summary of opinion and
full written opinions.
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If you're graduating, congratulations.
Whether or not you are graduating, check
out the commencement address given by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple. He
discusses dropping out of college (he never graduated), getting fired
from Apple (a company he helped start) and dealing with cancer. (You
can also watch it
on YouTube if you'd prefer)
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
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"Training
Programs for Juvenile Corrections Professionals" (108 pages, Natl
Inst of Corrections)
"Alternatives
to the Secure Detention and Confinement of Juvenile Offenders" (41 pp.,
OJJDP)) discusses community-based alternatives that enable judicious use of
detention and confinement.
"Supervision of Women Defendants and Offenders in the
Community" (24 pp.Adobe.pdf), explains the use of gender-responsive strategies with women in community corrections.
National Institute of Corrections
"Correctional Leadership Competencies for the 21st Century: Executives and Senior-Level
Leaders" (253 pp./Adobe.pdf) Topics discussed in this report include managerial profiles, self-awareness, ethics and values, strategic thinking, power and influence, strategic planning, performance measurement, collaboration, and team building.
"A Guide to Preparing for and Responding to Prison
Emergencies: Self-Audit Checklists, National Survey Results, Resource Materials, Case Studies" (318
pp./Adobe.pdf) addresses topics such as conducting an audit, emergency preparedness, natural disaster/HAZMAT/fire, leadership issues during crises, prevention of prison emergencies, emergency teams, and prisons and counterterrorism.
"Correctional Health Care: Addressing the Needs of Elderly, Chronically Ill, and Terminally Ill
Inmates" (162 pp./Adobe.pdf) is intended to help prison administrators explore options for managing aging and infirm inmates and those with chronic illnesses or disabilities.
"Parole Violations Revisited: A Handbook on Strengthening Parole Practices for Public Safety and Successful Transition to the
Community" (116 pp/Adobe.pdf)
"Stress Among Probation and Parole Officers and What Can Be Done About It"
Researchers identified the major sources of stress (heavy caseloads, paperwork, deadlines) and what officers do to cope. This Research for Practice summarizes key findings and provides case studies of promising stress reduction programs.
"Objective Prison Classification: A Guide for Correctional
Agencies" (91 pp. Adobe/.pdf) summarizes the current state of the art in prison classification, focusing on the use of prison classification instruments for custody or security rating purposes.
"Classification of High-Risk and Special Management Prisoners: A National Assessment of Current
Practices" (104 pp. Adobe/.pdf) presents results from a survey designed to obtain information on the procedures used to classify high-risk inmates, particularly those in protective custody or administrative segregation, and inmates with mental illness or medical problems.
"Screening and Assessing Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders Among Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: A Resource Guide for
Practitioners"
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